REVIEWS AND DISCUSSIONS
Feofilova E. P. Contribution to development of mycology in Russia by Moscow employees of the Russian Academy of Sciences: physiological and biochemical investigations and new biotechnologies // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 1-7.
Abstract
Article covers contributions of Moscow citizens - representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences to mycology. Their results from studies Of physiology and biochemistryof fungi are discussed, including the data on lypogenesis, cell wall composition, the regulation of synthesis of cytosol carbohydrates, and the biochemical adaptation to stress. The article provides information on the development of fungal industry, the introduction of new mushroom species, and the employment of micro- and macromycetes in novel biotechnologies aimed at producing drugs.
BIODIVERSITY, TAXONOMY, ECOLOGY
Lositskaya V. M. Aphyllophoraceous fungi of Paanajarvi national park (Republic of Karelia) // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 7-17.
Abstract
Aphyllophoraceous fungi of Paanajarvi national park were studied. The specimens from herbarium Matti Laurila kept in Botanical Muzeum of Helsinki University as well as new specimens collected in 1997-1999 were studied. The annotated list of 131 species is presented. Some rare species such as Byssomerulius rubicundus, Leptoporus mollis, Odonticium romellii, Perenniporia subacida, Skeletocutis lenis, S. odora were found. 5 species were not published earlier for the territory of Karelian Republic.
Ryzhkin D. V., Levkina L. M. Powdery mildews in eastern Mordovia // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 17-21.
Abstract
A list of 36 species of fungi from Erysiphaceae found on wild plants in national parks and other territories in Eastern Mordovia is presented. Diseased plants belong to 27 families. The infected species are mainly representatives of Comositae and Fabaceae.
Bulakh E. M., Covorova O.K . Rare and new for Russia Basidiomycetes from Primorsky Territory // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 21-26.
Abstract
Basidiomycetes were studied for more than ten years on the Okeansky range (Muravjov-Amursky Peninsula, Primorsky Territory). Three species (Comphus clavatus, Tremellafuciformis, Lentinula edo-des) are rarely found in the Russian Far East. Coprinus angulatus and Phaeomarasmius rimulincola are reported for the first time for the Primorsky Territory. Six species (Gomphus pallidus, Clavicorona taxophila, Gloiocephala caricis, Marasmius aurantioferrugineus, Mycena algeriensis, M. lamiensis) are reported for the first time for Russia.
Borisova V. N. New species of the genus Hormiactella // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 26-32.
Abstract
Based on the long-term investigations of leaf litter and forest debris hyphomycetes in plain and mountain forests in Ukraine the new taxa of Hormiactella were desecribed. Descriptions and drawings of H. crustosa sp. nov., H. verruculosa sp. nov. and H. verruculosa var. velutina var. nov. as well as a key for identification of Hormiactella spp. are presented. They were recorded on fallen needles of coniferous hosts and only in Carpathians but not in plain forests and in Crimea. Some ecological features and data of Hormiactella species distribution in Ukraine are given.
Titova Yu. A. Mycobiota associated with the various stages of Agaricus bisporus morphogenesis // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 32-40.
Abstract
Mycobiota associated with some phases of A. bisporus morphogenesis was studied. Dominating fungal groups were found to differ in qualitative structure. Mycopathogens with mycophilic properties dominate in mycosinusia of the diseased basidioma. Classification for mycosinusia forming micromycetes is suggested based upon the experimental and published data. The main character used in proposed classification is a degree of micromycetes' negative influence on the culture of A. bisporus.
Bogomolova E. V., Vlasov D. Yu., Panina L. K. Morphometrical comparison of the series of strains of black yeasts Phaeococcomyces exophiale // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 40-48.
Abstract
Morphometrical comparison of nine strains of lithobionic black yeasts Phaeococcomyces exophia-lae was carried out. Morphological parameters of die following stages: chlamydosphores, yeasts, mycelium and pseudomycellium were measured using the morphological index (MI) and investigated strains were grouped in correlation clusters. It was shown that the population under investigation is moderately heterogeneous but have some morphological groups inside. It could be a result of stressority of their natural habitat (marble) which usually leads to high variability.
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOTECHNOLOGY
Velikova V. D., Byalt V. V.. Kochkin V. F. Increasing of the herbarium specimens longevity by the parylene gaseous phase polymerisation // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 48-53.
Abstract
Paper continues to report on the studies of bioproofness of parylene-coated cellulose-containing materials. The 20 mkm thick parylene coating was shown to be a reliable method to protect herbarium specimens from mechanical damage and from the pest-insects with the up to 100 % positive results. Protective effect against cellulose destructing micromycetes such as Penicillium ochrochloron and Trichoderma viridevuried from 30 up to 100 %, depending on a thickness of parylene coating, evaluation method, and micromycete species.
Medvedeva N. G., Elinov N. P., Borisova O. G., Nikitina I. P., Kuzikova I. L Effect of likvodek on micromycetes contaminating library collections // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 53-59.
Abstract
Data on influence of likvodek on micromycetes - destructors of cellulose - is presented. The likvodek is shown to be a highly effective inhibitor of the micromycetes growth and development. Mechanism of likvodek action is discussed.
PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
Lekomtseva S. N., Volkova V.T., Tchayka M. N. Ecidial "populations" of Puccinia graminis on barberry plants in the regions where sexual or asexual development of the fungus dominates // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 59-63.
Abstract
Frequency of Puccinla graminis special forms on different species of barberry was determined in those regions where asexual and sexual reproduction of the fungus dominate. The first region was characterised by dominating of the P. graminis f. sp. secalis on barberry (80 % of populations); while the frequency of P. graminis f. sp. tritici reached 20 %. P. graminis f. sp. avenae was rarely found. P. graminis f. sp. secalis dominated on barberry in 1998. Fifty seven percent of the species was represented by the rye form, 29 % was a mixture of rye and wheat forms, and in 14 % of cases studied the wheat form was indentified. A rather opposite situation was characteristical in for Rostov region. Here the wheat form was responsible the 90 %, while rye form was responsible for only 10 %. Furthermore, these forms were never found growing together on the same host plant. Frequencies of P. graminis f. sp. secalis and P. graminis f. sp. tritici were different in the region where sexual and asexual reproduction of the fungus dominate. Thus, barberry is the course of infection for grasses that dominate in particular region during the time of susceptibility to the stem rust.
Sokolova G. D. Clonal variability of Fusarium graminearum toxicogenicity and vegetative compatibility // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 63-67.
Abstract
Monoconidial isolates (strains) obtained from a certain culture of Fusarium graminearum were shown to vary considerably in toxigenicity. Vegetative compatibility type between toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains indicates possibility for heterokaryosis. It was suggested that trichothecene mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol and acetyldeoxyvalenol) may act as parasexual hormones.
Portenko L. G. Pathogenicity of the Verticillium longisporum isolates from winter rape // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 67-72.
Abstract
Virulence of V. longisporum isolates to several cultivars of spring and winter oilseed rape was evaluated. The cultivars differed in wilt resistance. All isolates tested revealed moderate virulence to susceptible cultivars. Virulence of V. longisporum and V. dahliae isolates to Brassicaceae and Solanaceae crops were studied. V. longisporum isolates did not cause wilt symptoms on tomato and pepper and were virulent to oilseed rape, turnip, cauliflower and egg-plant. V. dahliae isolates differed in virulence to caulifower, tomato and pepper and all of them were virulent to oilseed rape, turnip, and egg-plant. It has been supposed that though in present V. longisporum causes losses on Brassicaceae crops only, a widening of it's host range is very likely in future.
RESEARCH METHODS
Ogarkov B. N., Ogarkova G. R. Methods of isolation of virulent strains of entomophilic fungi in ecosystems of Irkutsk region // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 2, 2000. P. 72-76.
Abstract
Methods of isolation of entomopathogenic fungi in ecosystems are reviewed. Analysis is provided for both traditional (using cultural media) methods and new ones (such as contact individual infection).